The Ghetto Of A Caste System - 1630 Words

America would like to believe that we do not live in a caste system but if asked anyone living in the inner city would say otherwise. A class system exists that is built on individual’s achievements but elements of a caste system are certainly practiced in the United States. Power and wealth is distributed amongst only 1 percent of the U.S population, therefore, their wealth is inherited from generation to generation, segregated from the rest of the population. Consequently, the ghetto poor families living in the inner city are the most alienated class of people in the city. They are racially and socially discriminated against and are segregated within a close opportunity structure similarly in a caste system. Urban Sociologist Harvey†¦show more content†¦They do not get locked up for minor violations of the law. Wealth is measured by assets such as properties, bonds, savings, and checking accounts minus debts and these assets provide a sense of privilege that can last for generations. For example, the name Kennedy is an asset because the name can open so many opportunities for a Kennedy even if they are not worthy of the opportunity. One of the biggest inequalities in the inner city is property inequality. People in the inner city cannot afford to own any property of their own and if they manage to own a home their mortgage loan is higher than their white counterpart due to â€Å"predatory lending practices in the United States†. (Massey and Rough) People in the inner city were identified and exploited by these banks by providing these loans they knew they could not afford. (Porter) According to Wilson and Wacquant, there is a cost that is associated with racial and class exclusion in the inner city. People are subjected to â€Å"poverty, social disruptions, degradation of public housing and public schools†. Since the system itself is designed for its citizens to fail by providing little to no resources, people are left to cope with social, economical, political, and cultural inequality. These issues play a role on the overall perspective of an individual. People are the sum of their experiences and when these experiences are accompanied by hardship all their lives they tend to cope by doing drugs and alcohol to

Countryside attraction †New Forest National Park Free Essays

My countryside attraction is New Forest National Park. This general description of countryside attraction explains the general appeal, impact of location, design features and key points about countryside operation and management. My individual investigation of Exmoor National Park examines each of these features in more detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Countryside attraction – New Forest National Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now By doing a general description first it will help to highlight the key information on countryside attractions that can then be compared with man-made attractions. Countryside location and access: The key difference between countryside and man-made attractions is that the first are natural where as the second can be chosen. In Britain, there are over 10 national parks in various parts of the country but most of the parks are in the north. There are no national parks in the southeast London area. There are a variety of countryside natural attractions including gardens, nature trails, private farms, forests and woodland, wetland, smaller area of open space often used for out-door recreation, wildlife parks, and bird sanctuaries all of which are not national parks, but can be important countryside attractions. The coastal areas of Britain, separate to beaches and resorts, include costal walks, natural wildlife and scenery, which are popular with tourists. Location and access to countryside is important for the following reasons: 1. Promotion of tourism 2. Economic. Countryside tourism earns income for the tourism industry 3. Social. Countryside tourism provides opportunities for education, enjoyment and social entertainment. 4. Environment. The management of the countryside especially in national parks helps protect the environment for the benefit of wildlife, plants, farming animals, local communities, visiting tourists for now and the future. 5. Impacts of location and access can also be negative. Some countryside area attracts high numbers of visitors in peak season, which can have a negative impact on wildlife, farming, local communities, if not controlled. The seasonal popularity of countryside areas and the bad climate in winter can have a negative economic impact on employment, income for businesses and the country balance of payments. Appeal and popularity: The main appeal and popularity of Britain outside its heritage cities and its popular youth culture is the greenery of its countryside heritage, which is uniquely different to natural scenery attractions of other areas in the world. A major appeal and popularity is for a day-trip or short break customers travelling to the countryside on local or regional journeys. The majority of British customers are regional, but that is because there is a national motorway network, with limited rail access, there are also many national domestic tourists. Countryside events such as fetes and agricultural shows are also popular. Many are promoted on television and are especially attracted to the family visitor and international tourist, because of their link to local cultural heritage. In general British countryside has a good image and reputation. But it has suffered seriously from the ‘Foot and Mouth Disease’ and competition with city attractions and cheap holidays abroad, especially a seaside product market. The countryside attracts particular interest groups such as schools, educational groups, senior citizens with more time, and enthusiasts of outdoor recreation. Design and technology of countryside: The natural landscape can be protected by managing and controlling access, building, roads, picnic areas, events and view points. Agricultural processors such as drainage, choice of crops, can also be controlled to help protect the nature and appearance of local environments. The location of entrances, exits, car parks, catering facilities, accommodation, can all be design to fit in to natural environment and to limit negative impact. Many rural villages have local government planning control to limit manmade environments, so they are based on local materials and construction methods which help maintain local crafts and traditions, e.g. Cotsworlds, Yorkshire Grystone welsh stone built walls are features of the British countryside that have been protected. Design and technology is also very important for the health and safety and security of access to outdoor recreation, involving water, rivers, lakes and costal areas, mountains with dangerous rock features, isolated areas and countryside that needs to be protected from the dangers of fire or manmade pollution. How to cite Countryside attraction – New Forest National Park, Papers

Demand and Supply of Coal in Australia for Energy -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply of Coal in Australia for Energy. Answer: Introduction Coal is one of the resources that started being used as a source of energy many years ago (Pearse, Mcknight and Burton, 2013). It was in fact the major source of energy before the introduction of the current sources that the world depend on. It is a major resource used in the steel production industry and a current source of electricity and expected to continue being used in the future (Minerals.org.au, 2017). China is one of the largest steel producer and imports nearly half of its coal form Australia. Generally, despite the current disruption caused by Cyclone Debbie, coal production has been on the rise. This make coal an important commodity of trade for Australia which earns a large proportion of foreign income. The increased demand for coal has stimulated a rise in the production level (Potter, 2015). Thus this paper will make the policy makers understand the contribution of coal to the Australian economic performance and thus implement policies that would facilitate improvement in production and transportation. The mining company will also understand their importance in the international markets (especially in China) and thus strive to maintain a sustained supply throughout. The importing nations shall also understand the reason for the increased shortage and may decide to look for a temporary supply before the Australian supply recovers. Analysis The use and supply of energy in Australia is on a continuous change according to Ball (2016); the economy is aiming to be a leading energy supplier. In the article With Australia's supply disrupted by Cyclone Debbie, coal buyers race elsewhere written by Serapio (2017), the coking coal supply has been exposed to risk by the Cyclone Debbie. Japan and China are the biggest buyers of coal and thus are looking for fresh supply as the deficiency in supply persists. The impacts of this deficiency on the Australian economy is loss of businesses. The disruption of the Australian coal supply has benefited several economies such as Mozambique, United States, Russia and Mongolia because its cargoes are quickly replaced by the exportation of steel from Japan and China to Turkey and India. A shipping source who keeps track of the global coal cargoes pointed out that impact caused on the China Steel industry from the cyclone Debbie was also caused to Indian, Japan and Turkey steel industry. This is because at the previous higher supply of coal, the stocks for these steel industries were running low; however, the stock went up after the disruption of supply; coal and steel are correlated (Wright, 2016). The coking coal prices are expected to rise as the demand exceeds the current supply. The supply was disrupted because there was a landslide caused by Debbie that obstructed the operations of the Australian rail line that connects Queensland to the coal mines. Coal is a product of massive weight and thus the only possible way through which it can be transported is through rail lines. Unless this rail resumes operation sooner, the international market supplied by Australia will experience a shortage of coal and thus prices will rise. The demand for coal is represented by a n inverse relationship. Fig: Inverse relationship between coal demand and price Before the landslide caused by the Cyclone Debby, the level of coal supplied was Q1 and the equilibrium price was P1. The disruption resulted in supply falling to a lower level S2; at this supply level, the price is forced to go up to bring a new equilibrium at price P2. If the rail distraction continues, meaning supply continues becoming inadequate, the price will rise further beyond P2. There are five major mines for coal in Australia with BHP Billiton being the biggest shipper (Schernikau, 2010). Billiton announced on its inability to meet its export commitments since the connection to Queensland's Bowen Basin was disrupted by the so called natural disaster. The NSW coking coal mine run by India's Jindal Steel and Power also announced a disrupted mining operation owing to no stopping rains. The rail line was expected to resume operation in five weeks time as rail operator Aurizon declared that this is the time it would take them to complete the repair. In addition to the five weeks, coal had to been transported to the ports and then to the export destination. This was a long period of supply disruption. This meant a continued struggle for the coal consumers to meet their demand while waiting for the Australian mines to resume operation. According to McHugh (2015), there is an increased external demand for coal and thus the low price for coal is coming to an end. Recommendation The policy makers should ensure that infrastructures are well developed and a continued maintenance; on the other hand, repair should be done at the least time possible since this may prevent the coal suppliers from losing their market to other producers. There should also policy implements to ensure that the mines are operated efficiently so as to improve productivity. The steel manufacturing industry should understand the situation is getting under control and rely temporary on its inventory and importation from other economies. However, they should resume to import from Australia as soon as the supply is resumed. The steel industry should accept that disruption of supply may occur from time to time and thus a need to keep inventory that can be used during such a period. Conclusion The Australian production level for coking coal is rising. Cyclone Debbie natural disaster is responsible for the coal shortages experienced in the year and it explains the rising prices. Australia has the largest proportion of coal exportation and thus an important sector of the economy. The mining industry can therefore be argued to have a great contribution to this economys performance. Coal demand is rising due to the increased production of steel which depend on coal as an important raw material. Coal and steel are complement goods and thus the insufficient supply is hurting the steel industry. Disruption of supply is unavoidable and the companies that usually feel the impact is those that depend on day to day supply without keeping of inventory. Disruption of supply may lead to a loss of market share for the exporting nations. References Ball, A. (2016). Australia Energy Update 2016. [Online] Industry.gov.au. Available at: https://www.industry.gov.au/Office-of-the-Chief-Economist/Publications/Documents/aes/2016-australian-energy-statistics.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. McHugh, B. (2015). Divergent views on the impact on Australia's struggling coal sector as India announces plans to double consumption. [Online] ABC Rural. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2015-12-10/debate-over-future-of-australian-coal-industry-and-indian-demand/7010772 [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. Minerals.org.au. (2017). Characteristics of the Australian Coal Industry. [Online] Available at: https://www.minerals.org.au/resources/coal/characteristics_of_the_australian_coal_industry [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. Pearse, G., Mcknight, D. and Burton, B. (2013). Big coal: Australia's dirtiest habit. Sydney, N.S.W.: NewSouth Publishing. Potter, B. (2015). Australia's coal exports set to rise as south-east Asia demand surges. [Online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/mining/coal/australias-coal-exports-set-to-rise-as-southeast-asia-demand-surges-20151013-gk7sms [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. Schernikau, L. (2010). Economics of the international coal trade: the renaissance of steam coal. Dordrecht, Springer. Serapio, M. (2017). With Australia's supply disrupted by Cyclone Debbie, coal buyers race elsewhere. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/mining-and-resources/with-australias-supply-disrupted-by-cyclone-debbie-coal-buyers-race-elsewhere-20170406-gvfo1f.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. Wright, P. (2016). Raw Material Prices: Iron Ore, Scrap, Coking Coal Zinc. [Online] Steelmarketupdate.com. Available at: https://www.steelmarketupdate.com/blog/9418-raw-material-prices-iron-ore-scrap-coking-coal-zinc [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017].