Vaccines And The Immune System - 1938 Words

Vaccines are used to train the immune system to fight of the natural forms of diseases or toxins. Today, there are seven different types of commonly used vaccines. These vaccines are live, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, or recombinant vector vaccines. Each type of vaccine is used for different diseases and different purposes. They each have specific makeups and properties that make them different from one another. Live vaccines contain a version of the living microbe that has been altered and weakened by scientists to keep the microbe from causing the disease after vaccination. Inactivated vaccines are produced when scientists take a live microbe that causes a disease and kill it, usually through either radiation, heat, or chemicals. After being killed, the microbes are unable to mutate and cause the disease. Many of our popular vaccines today, such as the flu shot, rabies vaccine, and polio vaccine. Subunit vaccines only include â€Å"the antigens that best stimulate the immune system† (Types). Toxoid vaccines are used for bacteria that release harmful toxins or chemicals. Scientists will â€Å"detoxify† toxins and cause them to be inactive and harmless to the body. Conjugate vaccines are typically used on infants and young children. Conjugate vaccines have polysaccharide coatings that disguise the antigens which allow the child’s immature immune system to recognize the antigens and find a way to defend against them. DNA vaccines are thought of by many as the future ofShow MoreRelatedVaccines And The Immune System882 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases, for instance, smallpox, HIV, Ebola, and Influenza. So that’s why we use vaccines. All of your vaccines are used as an agent that will build up our immune systems to fight off something that is causing us to become ill. Vaccines improve economic growth, life expectancy, protect people from spreading or acquiring the disease, and vaccines can save a ton of lives. To start off, vaccines trigger our immune systems to be able to build up our immunity to fight off a particular germ that is infectingRead MoreVaccines and The Immune System1056 Words   |  4 Pagescommon in any vaccine. Others believe that vaccinations are very important to get because they could save someone’s life. There is not any proven fact that vaccinations could be a factor of autism, there are only assumptions being made to this. Parents either want their kids to get vaccinated or want absolutely nothing to do with vaccinations. Even though vaccines have minor side effects and have controversial issues such as autism, there is no evidence for the issue; therefore vaccines are very importantRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children s Immune System790 Words   |  4 Pages While it may be true that Vaccines cause harm to the body, it doesn’t change the fact that kids need to have them in order to go to school. A common argument against this is, â€Å"my kid doesn’t need any vaccines, but all children need some†. It is easy to think,† oh my kid needs all these shots so he doesn’t get a disease.† However, while some people might disagree with a child needing all of he/she vaccines, it is important to focus on if your child is exposed to a weakened version of the diseaseRead MoreEssay on Vibrio cholerae, the Human Immune System, and Vaccines1601 Words   |  7 PagesVibrio cholerae, the Human Immune System, and Vaccines Cholera remains a drastically severe disease, killing hundreds of people each outbreak. When ingested, it attaches to the mucosal lining of the intestines and disrupts the normal flow of ions so that there is more sodium, chloride, and water in the intestinal lumen than normal and results in massive diarrhea. Cholera has made a global impact and been endemic in almost all parts of the world. Cholera control strongly emphasizes sanitationRead MoreImmunization And Immunity Responses : Vaccines Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pages Immunization and Immunity Responses Name: Institution affiliation: Department: Date: 1. Vaccines are essential and important to the babies and pre-school or school aged children. Other than building the body’s immune response they have uncountable pros including; protection of future generations where the vaccinated mothers of the unborn children are alleviated the dangers from various microorganisms such as viruses that have the great potentiality to cause birth defectsRead MoreVaccines Are Not Safe And Donate Children Vaccinated927 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurs. Vaccines can prevent most childhood diseases such as measles, diphtheria, polio, and small pox. There has been much discussion in the news recently over whether or not to vaccinate children. One argument is that vaccines are not safe and contribute to autism. The vast majority of people continue to believe childhood vaccines are safe and choose to have their children vaccinated. If deadly diseases are going to continue to be prevented, it is necessary to have children vaccinated. Vaccines areRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1339 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, there are many vaccines invented by different scientists. Vaccines are so much in demand that even a simple flu has a certain vaccine. They have been invented to protect us. Its main function is to build our immune system and allow it to work against different kinds of bacteria. However instead of helping us fight against infection and certain diseases, vaccines can be the main cause of infection and diseases. Because of its live-attenuated organism, which means the pathogens were partiallyRead MoreLymphatic And Immune System :831 Words   |  4 PagesLYMPHATIC IMMUNE SYSTEM: The body encounters billions of germs every day and the immune system with all its intricacies fights off these pathogens. The defense mechanism of the human body is complex and fascinating, working all around the clock with its work largely unnoticeable. The immune system, just like any other organ system works in tandem with the other organ systems to maintain homeostasis. The circulating fluids transport the immune cells from one part of the body to another. The endocrineRead MoreVaccination Is A Method Of Defense Against Infection Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst infection since the first smallpox vaccine was created in 1796. This vaccine paved the way for the future of infection protection that is current day vaccination. Vaccines are used to prevent pathogenic disease in many individuals worldwide and are thought to be one of the most effective infection protection methods available. They are highly regarded in the scientific community for their safety, efficacy, ability to work cohesively with the immune system to prevent disease, and ability to protectRead MoreToday In The World Humans Have The Lowest Death Rate To1304 Words   |  6 Pagesbut with vaccines scientists and doctors were able to eradicate the disease comp letely, and no natural case has occurred since 1949 (â€Å"What is Smallpox?†). However recently people are afraid to vaccinate themselves and their children due to the chance of severe reactions (â€Å"Vaccine Reactions†). In addition they also fear of their children acquiring autism from vaccines (â€Å"Vaccines Cause Autism?†). Although people have had severe reactions to vaccines, they greatly benefit the immune system and eradicate

Tumbling Effects of Steroids in the Mlb - 2799 Words

Brad Stone Poltical Science 11/25/2010 Clifton Wilkinson Tumbling Effects of Steroid Use by Major League Baseball Players Are the Major League Baseball record books tainted? Can a single drug change the way a baseball fan looks at the record set by Barry Bonds or opinions about a man who hit 762 homeruns (Pitch 1)? Steroids have the ability to turn an average player into a player that can qualify and succeed as a Major League Baseball player. They also provide the â€Å"good† player the ability to become a â€Å"great† player; a â€Å"great† player to become a â€Å"superstar†. But more importantly in regards to the player’s performance, steroids give the injured player the ability to heal more rapidly, therefore returning to the playing field quicker†¦show more content†¦He may not have been proven guilty, just suspected use was enough to have a cloud over his reputation. There is even talk among the baseball analysts that his records set should be removed from the record books because steroid u se can be viewed as a form of cheating used to accomplish such feats. Moving on to the team aspect of baseball, one can imply the old saying, â€Å"guilty by association.† The media and the general public, typically view the teammates of the steroid user as someone who also uses steroids, until proven otherwise. A professional baseball team gets recognized for winning and reaching out to the community, but steroids can bring an umbrella of suspension to the entire team. This point is proven in Jose Conseco’s autobiography when he admitted he â€Å"implicated that ten of his former teammates including his brother as steroid users† (Roberts 1). Not only does the player’s steroid use affect his immediate team players, but it also casts additional suspension to the entire Major League Baseball as a whole. When a player is exceeding his normal performance level, the general public immediately suspects steroid use based on previous players who have been linked or proven to be steroid users. Major League Baseball players understan d the penalty, if linked to steroids, can have on the player or the team in general. The general public is very harsh about steroid use; many feel that steroid use affects baseball in too many ways negatively. AnShow MoreRelatedPED in Sports Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagestheir paychecks. This desire for fame and fortune introduced steroids into Major League Baseball in the 1990’s and 2000’s. Home run totals jumped tremendously during these decades and players were willing to risk being caught using illegal substances in order to shine above the rest. New idols and role models started to sprout up from these outstanding home run statistics and young children started to take notice. This all came tumbling down when these new idols and role models who were making the

Osce Scenarios Free Essays

OSCE Scenarios ONE You are a 72 year old lady. This morning you were hanging your freshly laundered curtains, when you suddenly felt dizzy and you remember nothing after that, until your friend was calling your name. You have no idea how you ended up on the floor. We will write a custom essay sample on Osce Scenarios or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have had a few dizzy spells No SOB or chest pain. You have the odd â€Å"missing heart beat† not too troublesome. Otherwise you are fit and well. You were not incontinent during the attack. TWO You are a 42 year old professional trombone player. You are rehearsing for a tour abroad. Last night you seemed OK just a bit tired and possibly had a bit of a fever. This morning you woke up with severe left sided chest pain aggravated by deep breathing and coughing. You are very frightened because your sister had a pulmonary embolism after the birth of her baby. There is no sputum or haemoptysis. You had slight asthma as a child. You haven’t got much of a cough, but feel SOB and frightened to breathe deeply. Your general health is good and you’ve had no serious illnesses in the past. THREE You are a 35 year old man who came to AE with pain when passing urine and discomfort for 3-4 days. You think that there was a little blood in your urine once. You are gay and not practice safe sex. (DO NOT VOLUNTEER THIS INFORMATION UNLESS YOU ARE ASKED. ) You are not particularly bothered about HIV. Generally your attitude is rather cavalier and have had several sexual partners in the past. FOUR You are the wife of an 82 year old man and you brought him into AE because you are frightened and worried about him. For the last 3-4 days he’s been increasingly confused and today he started to get verbally abusive. He has never had psychiatric problems. This is most unlike his normal self. He feels a bit hot to you and his urine has been a bit smelly. He has mild, diet controlled diabetes and â€Å"some prostate problem† otherwise he has been remarkably healthy. FIVE You are the father of a 3 year old girl. Your wife and you separated 2 years ago and she is the main carer for the child. You have her every other weekend. You are rather vague about the child’s health, mainly because she does not live with you. DO NOT VOLUNTEER THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: You have been sexually abusing the girl for some time and obviously don’t want your ex-wife to find out, or anyone else for that matter. Therefore, you want this problem sorted out now. SIX You are a 72 year old heterosexual man. For the last few weeks you have noticed increasing difficulty with passing urine, terminal dribbling and a pressure feeling in your lower abdomen,. Your general health is fairly good but lately you have lost some weight and you’ve become impotent. SEVEN You are the mother of a 3 year old boy. This afternoon he fell off the slide in the park (about 2m high). He was sick once about 5 minutes after the accident, he was NKOD but has complained of headache ever since. He is alert and had something to eat about half an hour ago which stayed down. You are worried about the effects of the injury and have no idea what to look out for. EIGHT You brought your 6 month old baby to AE as you are very anxious about her. She developed a cold, cough and temperature 3 days ago. She has not been eating well but she has no DV. This morning you noticed that she is covered in a rash from head to foot. She is up to date with her immunisations (BUT DO NOT VOLUNTEER THIS INFORMATION. ) In a nearby school there are three confirmed cases of measles. You are convinced that your child has meningitis and you know this can be a fatal illness. Therefore, you think she should be admitted to hospital. NINE You are a 30 year old unemployed man. You have been abusing a variety of drugs, including diazepam, dihydrocodeine, amphetamine and cocaine in the past. You have an agreement with your GP that he will prescribe 90 tablets of Diazepam 5mg a month. However, recently you have been quite agitated and been taking more than the prescribed dose. When you are broke for money you also sell some of your tablets on the black market. You came today asking the receptionist to reissue your prescription saying that the previous was stolen from you. You are determined not to leave until you get some more tablets. Anyway, you can’t see what all the fuss is about. A few more tablets are neither here nor there and you are fed up with these dragons, called receptionists. You decided to duff them up a bit! TEN You are the mother of a 12 year old boy. He fell and cut his knee this morning at school. You brought him to AE and after a long wait one of the junior doctors stitched his knee. The AE charge nurse checked that your son has not had a tetanus booster since he was 3 years old and informed you that he needs a booster today. You agreed to this. The young doctor proceeded to administer the injection that the nurse gave him. The young doctor was very friendly and nice to your son but appeared nervous with shaky hands. After he gave the jab he seemed very anxious and it transpired that it was the wrong injection. He hasn’t checked the vial before administering the vaccine. You are flabbergasted and furious and threaten to sue the hospital. ELEVEN You are a27 year old man from the Ivory Coast. You have been resident in the UK for 3 years and recently returned to your country for a family visit. As you lived in Africa most of your life you did not think it was important to take malaria precautions. You’ve been feverish and felt rotten for two days with the light hurting your eyes, your neck and back of your head and you have terrible griping pains in your upper abdomen on both sides. DO NOT VOLUNTEER THE INFORMATION THAT YOU HAVE JUST COME BACK FROM AFRICA! TWELVE You are a 29 year old woman who works as a solicitor in a big city law firm. This is a very prestigious job with high pressure and long working hours. Your main way of de-stressing is going to the gym at night. Two days ago your â€Å"back went† for the third time in six months and this morning you could hardly get out of bed and get dressed. The pain is really severe, especially when you bend down and at times like a knife in your back. You are not too bad at rest. The pain does radiate down your buttock to the back of your leg, but you have no pins and needles, loss of motor function or abnormal sensation. You are fed up and worried you might lose your job if you keep taking time off. One of your friends is a doctor and he told you that X rays are useless and you must have an MRI scan to see if you’ve got a slipped disc. You won’t budge unless the AE doctor agrees to do this. YOU WON’T BE FOBBED OFF! THIRTEEN You are a 58 year old Pakistani man,. You were diagnosed as a diabetic in 1999 and hypertensive in 2001. You take metformin, gliclazide and enalapril. Last week you came to the practice nurse for a blood test and this morning the practice receptionist rang you to say that you must come in to see the doctor to discuss the result of your recent blood test. You are really worried and think there is something horribly wrong. Your mother and aunt were both diabetic and died How to cite Osce Scenarios, Papers

College essay - my world free essay sample

One last self-check. As I look down, my happiness is momentarily frozen. I sink my finger into the fat that has fought its way out of the bottom half of my swimsuit. Appalling. Disgusting. In a world laminated with materialism the ripple of fat becomes a tangible reality. Imperfection. A concept very difficult to deal with as a model. The loss of perfection means the loss of money. The pains of these realities create a conscious mindset of fear, the strive to an unattainable perfection, as the external imperfections are thoroughly glossed over with lip-gloss. Everyone around you seems to possesse everything you need, don’t have, and can never have. The harsh reality. I made my way out of the canopy, breathing deeply to prepare myself for their scrutinizing eyes. I am bombarded, primed and prepped and then alone. I am in the spotlight. The parasite of pessimism gnaws deeper into my flesh. We will write a custom essay sample on College essay my world or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Will I ever be good enough for them? A stylist yells that I must look more natural. Once again I am not quite right yet. I am the model. I am the perceived dream. I am the face of the inward insecurities of the world that compel them to buy what I’m selling. I am ready for my close up. My mind is racked by the worry that I cannot live up to their standards. I am seven years old. My seven-year-old mind had lost itself among all the makeup, hair and clothing that was trying to cover me up. So many people needed to shine through me, so many peoples careers were weighted on my young, weak, back.. From the external perspective it would seem that everyone was asking far too much from me. However, the external was really all they cared about. They wanted nothing from me, they needed nothing. I was their drawing board and money was the only thing they were able to elicit from my big blue eyes. I became part of a world where the god of money presided as Zeus and all the other gods fought for his attention so they wouldn’t be sent down to the world of the mortals. Your friend could never really be your friend for she was always your competition. With so many other peoples dreams struggling to break through my appearance it was hard for a seven year old not to have a skewed view of what she really thinks. Instead, my dream became the effort to satisfy theirs, th e perfect look, the good picture, the smile, were what I thrived on. The model. The perfect face. The perfect picture. However, it was never good enough, for the girl standing right next to you always has something you don’t. And when your seven, that something that she has is always exactly what you want, be it a shiny red balloon or a perfectly flat stomach. My pessimism became a thriving parasite. Yet my worries went no farther than my own mind. For, everyone else saw no imperfections in the handful of little girls who ran around with their exaggerated smiles and brightly colored swimsuits. In an attempt to explain the brooding affects of childhood, I must put in a word about my father. The deterioration of man is a aged process like the fermenting of a stain in an old shirt. While at the beginning it can be passed of as unimportant yet soon it becomes so thoroughly cemented into ones being that it is too late. My father is a man of promises. Big words with hollow effects. Criticism. Stubbornness. Mockery. Yet, as a child he would make my eyes light up when he came into the room. He was not my father, he was daddy. I first entered the business in this mindset, untainted want of my fathers affection was one of the principle purposes of my existence. If he was proud then there was nothing more I needed. So I worked at this job because it was what my mother took me to, because I thought it was what all the kids were doing, and I thought if I did it well they would be pleased. At the time it just was. Now I realize that had I not been thrown into the world of people pleasin g at so young an age I probably wouldn’t have such level of self-conscience. This job gave me a medium though which I felt an undying pressure to please, not only please the people who would pay me which was a concept I had to be very well aware of to function in that job , but also to please my family. This created a selfless world inside me from a young age. A world where my own thoughts were drowned amongst those who may actually care about a ripple of fat peeking out above the bottoms of a seven year olds swimsuit.